History of the 8-track Tape

The following is quoted from "The Rise and Fall of the 8-Track" excerpted from "You Really Got Me," a comprehensive history of the Kinks, by Doug Hinman and Jason Brabazon. Article by Jason Brabazon, on the 8-Track Heaven web site:

"Four-track and 8-track cartridges coexisted on themarketplace for some time, with the 8-track formateventually defeating by attrition its look-alike cousin (beforein turn being overtaken by the cassette format). Althoughextremely similar in appearance (the only obviousdifference between the two being a large hole in the top leftunderside of 4-tracks), the two formats were not at all compatible, having been developed and marketed bytwo different and competing factions. The 4-track system was refined and marketed as a car accessory byMadman Ernie Muntz, a west-coast used car dealer looking for something he could offer as an accessory toboost his used car sales. His marketing and distribution arrangements were spotty at best, relegating the4-track format to the inferior (when compared to 8-track) status of a regional phenomenon, most popular insuch locales as California (Muntz's home base) and Florida, but unpopular or unknown in many other areas."

"The 8-track format, on the other hand, was developed by a diverse consortium that included the Ampex Magnetic TapeCompany, Lear Jet Company and RCA Records, and enjoyed the tremendous advantage of being championed at itsinception by Ford Motors, which in 1965 (debuted September 15) offered 8-track players as an option in their completeline of 1966 model cars. At first, 4-track and 8-track tape players were just car accessories. Home players were notintroduced for another year or so. Accordingly, both 4-track and 8-track prerecorded tape cartridges were originallysold only in such outlets as auto parts stores and roadside truck stops."

"The 4-track cartridge format had had a head start over 8-tracks. Originally developed in 1956 (also in conjunction withFord Motors), the 4-track format was originally forsaken as unmarketable, and lay dormant until the early '60s, whenenterprising Ernie Muntz saw its potential. He acquired rights to the format and began marketing both hardware(players) and software (prerecorded tapes), licensing music from major record labels. It was perhaps Ernie Muntz'sinitiative that rekindled Ford's interest in offering an in-dash tape cartridge system. The development of the 8-trackformat took the basic 4-track technology and refined it, making changes designed to make the tape less likely to jamwhile playing, and to increase accessibility to individual selections on the tape."


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